作文：
向外国友人推荐学汉语的地方
【真题原文】
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter to a foreign friend who wants to learn Chinese. Please recommend a place to him. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.
【参考范文】
Dear Jack,
I am so glad to hear that you will pay a visit to China next month. Since you told me you are interested in learning Chinese, I am writing this letter to recommend you some famous and interesting attractions for better understanding Chinese characters.
As you know, the Forbidden City, which is also known as the Palace Museum, embodies this nations profound and diversified ancient culture with its magnificent architecture and precious treasures. Besides, it provides you with a variety of tourist introduction including its origin, cultural background as well as its translation in multiple languages, which will open a window for you to have a better understanding about the splendid Chinese characters.
I hope my recommendation will not make you disappointed. I can’t wait to be your guard. With best wishes.
Yours sincerely,
Xiao Ming
【参考范文译文】
亲爱的杰克，
我很高兴听闻您将在下个月来中国。您曾告诉我您对中国汉字很感兴趣，因此我写这封信是想为您推荐一些著名有趣的地点去更好的了解中国汉字。
正如你所知，紫荆城，又名故宫博物馆，体现了这个国家深邃而多元的古代文化，在那里您可以欣赏壮丽的建筑及珍贵的宝藏。另外，景点会提供一系列的介绍，包括来源，文化背景以及不同语言的翻译。这会给你打开一扇窗，更深刻的了解璀璨的中国汉字。
我希望我的推荐不会让你失望。我期待成为你的向导，最衷心祝愿!
你真诚的，
小明
向外国友人推荐学汉语的城市
【真题原文】
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter to a foreign friend who wants to learn Chinese. Please recommend a city to him. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.
【参考范文】
Dear friend,
I am delighted to write this letter to recommend a city for you. I know that you have a strong desire to learn Chinese in recent days. I suppose when you read this letter, you must be satisfied about what I recommend.
Here are some detailed information that I would like to share with you. The first city flashing in my mind is Beijing, the capital of China. Additionally, language environment has a key role in the process of language learning. As a consequence, Beijing, as a modern city, provides an excellent language environment for language learners. The vast majority of people in Beijing speak Mandarin，and I am sure that you will benefit from the environment to a large extent. Finally, I hope that you could take my suggestions into serious consideration.
Thank you for spending time reading this letter and I am looking forward to your reply at your earliest convenience. Good luck to you with all aspects of life.
Yours sincerely, Li Ming
【四级作文参考范文】
亲爱的朋友，
我很高兴写这封信为你推荐一个城市。我知道你最近有强烈意愿来学习汉语。我想当你读这封信时，一定会对我的建议感到满意。
以下是一些我想与您分享的详细信息。我想到的第一个城市是中国的首都北京。此外，语言环境在语言学习过程中也起着关键作用。因此，北京作为一个现代化城市，为语言学习者提供了绝 佳的语言环境。北京的绝大多数人都说普通话，我确信你一定会在很大程度上获益。最后，希望你能认真考虑我的建议。
感谢你花时间阅读此信，我期待在你最方便时的回复。祝你事事如意!
你真诚地，
李明
选词填空（第一套）：
Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)
Section A
Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.
Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.
Finally, some good news about airplane travel. If you are on a plane with a sick passenger, you are unlikely to get sick. That is the 26 of a new study that looked at how respiratory (呼吸道) viruses 27 on airplanes. Researchers found that only people who were seated in individual - had a high risk of catching the illness. All other passengers had only a very 28 chance of getting sick according to the findings. Media reports have not necessarily presented. 29 information about the risk of getting infected on an airplane in the past. Therefore , these new findings should help airplane passengers to feel less 30 to catching respiratory infections while traveling by air.
Prior to the new study. litter was known about the risks of getting 31 infected by common respiratory viruses, such as the flu or common cold, on an airplane, the researchers said. So, to 32 the risks of infection, the study team flew on 10 different 33 in the US. 34 side of a person infected with fl, as well as those sitting one roe in font of or behind this individual, had about an 80 person chance of getting sick. But other passengers were 35 safe from infection. They had a less than 3 percent chance of catching the flu.
A) accurate B) conclusion C) directly D) either
E) evaluate F) explorations G) flights H) largely
I) nearby J) respond K) slim L) spread
M) summit N) vividly O) vulnerable
选词填空（第二套）：
选词填空（第三套）：
信息匹配（第一套）：
信息匹配（第二套）：
【参考答案】
36. [F] 题干：Songdo’s popularity lies more in its quality of life than its business attraction.
37. [I] 题干：The man who conceives Songdo feels disappointed because it has fallen short of his expectations.
38. [D] 题干：A scene in a popular South Korean music video was shot in Songdo.
39. [G] 题干：Songdo still lacks the financial stimulus for businesses to set up shop there.
40. [B] 题干：Airplanes will increasingly become the chief means of transportation, according to a professor.
41. [E] 题干：Songdo has ended up different from the city it was supposed to be.
42. [H] 题干：Some of the people who work in Songdo complain about boredom in the workplace.
43. [A] 题干：A business professor says that a future city should have easy access to international transportation.
44. [J] 题干：According to an urban design professor, it is difficult for city designers to foresee what happen in the future.
45. [C] 题干：Park Yeon So. who envisioned Songdo, feels a parental connection with the city.
【答案解析】
36. 根据题干中的信息确定题干信息词：Songdo’s popularity、quality of life、business，且根据题干句意可确定肯定品质生活，否定商业吸引力，因此，利用题干已给信息回文快速扫读文章，发现F段中Songdo has become a popular Korean city--more popular as a residential area than a business one.与该题干属于同义替换，故选择F选项。
37. 根据题干中的内容确定题干信息词：The man who conceives Songdo、disappointed、develop expectations，回文快速扫读文章，发现I段中第一句话The man who first imagined Songdo feels frustrated too.和最后一句中的The world is dotted with futuristic与该题干属于同义替换，题干中的conceive与段落中的imagine同义复现，故本题选择I选项。
38. 根据题干中的内容确定题干信息词：A scene、popular South Korean music video、Songdo，尤其是核心关键词“music video”，回文快速扫读文章，发现D段中第二句话Songdo appears in the most famous music video ever to come out of South Korea.以及第五句话中There was a scene in a subway station. That was actually Songdo. 与本题题干为同义替换，故本题选择D选项。
39. 根据题干中的内容确定题干信息词：Songdo、financial stimulus、 businesses，回文快速扫读文章，发现G段中第一句话 “missed the mark is for companies to locate here; needs to be strong economic incentives”与本题为同义替换，故选择G选项。
40. 根据题干中的内容确定题干信息词：Airplanes、contact researchers 、chief means of transportation、a professor，回文快速扫读文章，发现B段中The 21 century will increasingly be an aviation century as the globe becomes increasingly connected by air .以及Kasada says与本题为同义替换，故选择B选项。
41. 根据题干中的内容确定题干信息词：Songdo、different 、it was supposed to be，回文快速扫读文章，发现E段中第一句与第二句与本题为同义替换，故选择E选项。
42. 根据题干中的内容确定题干信息词：Some of the people 、complain about 、boredom、a workplace，回文快速扫读文章，发现H段中第二句和第三句“some of the residents; in the workplace; in prison for weekdays”与本题为同义替换，故选择H选项。
43. 根据题干中的内容确定题干信息词：A business professor 、a future city、international transportation，回文快速扫读文章，发现A段中第2句至第4句 “easy access to air travel; business professor; future cities”与本题为同义替换，故选择A选项。
44. 根据题干中的内容确定题干信息词an urban design professor、difficult、city designers、 foresee，回文快速扫读文章，发现J段中第2句与第4句与本题为同义替换，故选择J选项。
45. 根据题干中的内容确定题干信息词Park Yeon So.、 parental connection，回文快速扫读文章，发现C段中第4句与第5句 Park Yeon Soo conceived this city of the future back in 1986. He considers Songdo his baby与本题为同义替换，故选择C选项。
信息匹配（第三套）：
仔细阅读（第一套）：
Section C
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
Passage One
Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.
The fifth largest city in the US passed a significant soda tax proposal that will levy (征税)1.5
cents per liquid ounce on distributors.
Philadelphia’s new measure was approved by a 13 to 4 city council vote. It sets a new bar for similar initiatives across the county. It is proof that taxes on sugary drinks can win substantial support outside super-liberal areas. Until now, the only city to successfully pass and implement a soda tax was Berkeley, California, in 2014.
The tax will apply to regular and diet sodas, as well as other drinks with added sugar, such as Gatorade and iced teas. It’s expected to raise $410 million over the next five years, most of which will go toward funding a universal pre-kindergarten program for the city.
While the city council vote was met with applause inside the council room, opponents to the measure, including soda lobbyists made sharp criticisms and a promise to challenge the tax in court.
“The tax passed today unfairly singles out beverages—including low- and no-calorie choices,” said Lauren Kane, spokeswoman for the American Beverage Association. “But most importantly, it is against the law. So we will side with the majority of the people of Philadelphia who oppose this tax and take legal action to stop it.”
An industry backed anti-tax campaign has spent at least $4 million on advertisements. The ads criticized the measure. characterizing it as a“grocery tax.”
Public health groups applauded the approved tax as a step toward fixing certain lasting health issues that plague Americans. “The move to recapture a small part of the profits from an industry that pushes a product that contributes to diabetes, obesity and heart disease in poorer communities in order to reinvest in those communities will sure be inspirational to many other places,” said Jim Krieger, executive director of Healthy Food America. “Indeed, we are already hearing from some of them. It’s not just Berkeley’ anymore.”
Similar measures in California’s Albany, Oakland, San Francisco and Colorado’s Boulder are becoming hot-button issues Health advocacy groups have hinted that even more might be coming.
46. What does the passage say about the newly-approved soda tax in Philadelphia?
A) It will change the lifestyle of many consumers.
B) It may encourage other US cities to follow suit.
C) It will cut soda consumption among low-income communities.
D)It may influence the marketing strategies of the soda business.
47. What will the opponents probably do to respond to the soda tax proposal?
A) Bargain with the city council.
B) Refuse to pay additional tax.
C) Take legal action against it.
D) Try to win public support.
48. What did the industry-backed anti-tax campaign do about the soda tax proposal?
A) It tried to arouse hostile feelings among consumers.
B) It tried to win grocers’ support against the measure.
C) It kept sending letters of protest to the media.
D) It criticized the measure through advertising.
49. What did public health groups think the soda tax would do?
A) Alert people to the risk of sugar-induced diseases.
B) Help people to fix certain long-time health issues.
C) Add to the fund for their research on diseases.
D) Benefit low-income people across the country.
50. What do we learn about similar measures concerning the soda tax in some other cities?
A) They are becoming rather sensitive issues.
B) They are spreading panic in the soda industry.
C) They are reducing the incidence of sugar-induced diseases.
D)They are taking away lot of profit from the soda industry.
Passage Two
Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.
Popping food into the microwave for a couple of minutes may seem utterly harmless, but Europe’s stock of these quick-cooking ovens emit as much carbon as nearly 7 million cars, a new study has found. And the problem is growing. With costs falling and kitchen appliances becoming “status” items, owners are throwing away microwaves after an average of eight years. This is pushing sales of new microwaves which are expected to reach 135 million annually in the EU by the end of the decade.
A study by the University of Manchester calculated the emissions of CO2—the main greenhouse gas responsible for climate change—at every stage of microwaves, from manufacture to waste disposal. “It is electricity consumption by microwaves that has the biggest impact on the environment,” say the authors. The authors also calculate that the emissions from using 19 microwaves over a year are the same as those from using a car. According to the same study, efforts to reduce consumption should focus on improving consumer awareness and behaviour. For example, consumers could use appliances in a more efficient way by adjusting the time of cooking to the type of food.
However, David Reay, professor of carbon management, argues that, although microwaves use a great deal of energy, their emissions are minor compared to those from cars. In the UK alone, there are around 30 million cars. These cars emit more than all the microwaves in the EU. Backing this up, recent data show that passenger cars in the UK emitted 69 million tons of CO2 in 2015. This is 10 times the amount this new microwave oven study estimates for annual emissions for all the microwave ovens in the EU. Further, the energy used by microwaves is lower than any other from of cooking. Among common kitchen appliances used for cooking, microwaves are the most energy efficient, followed by a stove and finally a standard oven. Thus, rising microwave sales could be seen as a positive thing.
51. What is the finding of the new study?
A) Quick-cooking microwave ovens have become more popular.
B) The frequent use of microwaves may do harm to our health.
C) CO2 emissions constitute a major threat to the environment.
D) The use of microwaves emits more CO2 than people think.
52. Why are the sales of microwaves expected to rise?
A) They are becoming more affordable.
B) They have a shorter life cycle than other appliances.
C) They are getting much easier to operate.
D) They take less time to cook than other appliances.
53. What recommendation does the study by the University of Manchester make?
A) Cooking food of different varieties.
B) Improving microwave users’ habits.
C) Eating less to cut energy consumption.
D) Using microwave ovens less frequently.
54. What does Professor David Reay try to argue?
A) There are far more emissions from cars than from microwaves.
B) People should be persuaded into using passenger cars less often.
C) The UK produces less CO2 than many other countries in the EU.
D) More data are needed to show whether microwaves are harmful.
55. What does Professor David Reay think of the use of microwaves?
A) It will become less popular in the coming decades.
B) It makes everyday cooking much more convenient.
C) It plays a positive role in environmental protection.
D) It consumes more power than conventional cooking.
仔细阅读（第二套）：
翻译（三套）：
家庭观念
【翻译题目】
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.
【翻译原文】
中国的家庭观念与其文化传统有关。和睦的大家庭曾非常令人美慕。过去四代同堂并不少见。由于这个传统，许多年轻人婚后继续与父母同住。今天，这个传统正在改变。随着住房条件的改善，越来越多年轻夫妇选择与父母分开住。但他们之间的联系依然很密切。许多老年人仍然帮着照看孙辈。年轻夫妇也抽时间探望父母，特别是在春节和中秋节等重要节日。
【译文赏析】
The concept of family in China is related to its cultural traditions. The large and harmonious families were once very enviable. The four generation family used to be very common, in the past.As a result of this tradition, many young people continue to live with their parents after marriage.Today, the tradition is changing.With the improvement of housing conditions, An increasing number of young couples choose to live apart from their parents. But the connection between them remains strong. And many old people still have to look after their grandchildren. Young couples also get around to visit their parents，especially during the holidays, such as the spring festival and Mid-autumn Festival.
【逐句解析】
译句1 中国的家庭观念与其文化传统有关。
解析：该句中有明显的固定搭配，与...相关可用related to。
译文1 The concept of family in China is related to its cultural traditions.
译句2 和睦的大家庭曾非常令人美慕。
解析：该句基本可以采取顺译的方法，和睦的大家庭(The large and harmonious families)，令人美慕(enviable)。翻译时可顺译该句子。
译文2 The large and harmonious families were once very enviable.
译句3 过去四代同堂并不少见。由于这个传统，许多年轻人婚后继续与父母同住。
解析：该句中应用到正反译法，并不少见，那就是说很常见，可直接翻译为very common.
译文3 The four generation family used to be very common, in the past.As a result of this tradition, many young people continue to live with their parents after marriage.
译句4 今天，这个传统正在改变。随着住房条件的改善，越来越多年轻夫妇选择与父母分开住。
解析：该句考查了with引导的伴随状语从句。
译文4 Today, the tradition is changing.With the improvement of housing conditions, An increasing number of young couples choose to live apart from their parents.
译句5 但他们之间的联系依然很密切。
解析：但他们之间的联系可以处理成后置定语,即But the connection between them.
译文5 But the connection between them remains strong.
译句6 许多老年人仍然帮着照看孙辈。
解析：本句较为简单，可采取顺译。
译文6 And many old people still have to look after their grandchildren.
译句7 年轻夫妇也抽时间探望父母，特别是在春节和中秋节等重要节日。
解析：抽时间探望父母,可以运用到习惯性表达：get around to visit their parents.
译文7 Young couples also get around to visit their parents,especially during the holidays, such as the Spring Festival and Mid-Autumn Festival.
家庭教育
【翻译题目】
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.
【翻译原文】
中国家庭十分重视孩子的教育。许多父母认为应该努力工作，确保孩子受到良好的教育。他们不仅非常情愿为孩子的教育投资，而且花很多时间督促他们学习。多数家长希望孩子能上名牌大学。由于改革开放，越来越多的家长能送孩子到国外学习或参加国际交流项目，让其拓宽视野。通过这些努力，他们期望孩子健康成长，为国家的发展和繁荣做出贡献。
【翻译译文】
Chinese families place a great premium on their children’s education. The majority of parents hold that they should work hard to ensure that their children can get a good education. Not only are they willing to invest in children’s education, but also they spend plenty of time urging them to learn. Meanwhile, most of them want their children to go to prestigious universities. Due to the reform and opening up, an increasingly number of parents can send their children to study abroad or participate the international exchange programs to broaden their horizons. Through these efforts, they anticipate that their children can grow up healthily and make contributions to the development and prosperity of our nation.
【翻译解析】
词/词组翻译：
1. 十分重视 place great premium on; pay more attention to;attach great importance to
2. 努力工作 work hard; endeavor to work
3. 名牌大学 a prestigious university; a famous university
4. 改革开放 reform and opening up
5. 国际交流项目 international exchange programs
6. 拓宽视野 broaden one’s horizon
7. 国家的发展和繁荣 the development and prosperity of the nation
句子的翻译：
首先，从时态角度来讲，本文翻译主要采用一般现在时。其次，从句子角度来讲，大家需要注意句间的衔接。再者英文重简洁，所以大家翻译时要注意代词的指代，以避免重复。
1. 许多父母认为应该努力工作，确保孩子受到良好的教育。
◆ 该句后者为前者的目的，所以大家翻译时需要体现出这一目的。
2. 他们不仅非常情愿为孩子的教育投资，而且花很多时间督促他们学习。
◆ 该句中的“不仅......而且......”大家可以采用固定用法“not only......but also......”。Not only放在句首时，需要采用倒装形式。
3. 由于改革开放，越来越多的家长能送孩子到国外学习或参加国际交流项目，让其拓宽视野。通过这些努力，他们期望孩子健康成长，为国家的发展和繁荣做出贡献。
◆ 本句话中，要体现“由于改革开放”和之后家长们行为之间的因果关系，所以要用
相关因果词进行凸显，比如 thanks to; due to; because of 等。再者就是“通过这些努力”是对上文的总结，大家需要体现出来。
汉族名字
【翻译题目】
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.
【翻译原文】
中国汉族人的全名由姓和名组成。中文姓名的特点是，姓总是在前，名跟在其后。千百年来，父姓一直世代相传。然而，如今，孩子跟母亲姓并不罕见。一般来说，名有一个或两个汉字，通常承载父母对孩子的愿望。从孩子的名字可以推断出父母希望孩子成为代么样的人，或者期望他们过什么样的生活。父母非常重视给孩子取名，因为名字往往会伴随孩子一生。
【参考译文】
The full name of China's Han ethnic group is made up of family name and given name. One characteristic of the Chinese name is that the family name always comes first, followed by given name. For thousands of years, the father's family name has been passed on from generation to generation. However, it is not uncommon now for a child to have the mother’s family name. Generally speaking, a given name contains one or two Chinese characters, which carries the parents' hope for the kid. Therefore, it's easy to infer from the name what kind of person the parents expect their child to be, or what kind of life to lead.Parents attach great importance to naming their kid as names usually go with them for a whole life.
【翻译分析】
1）全名由....组成：the full name is composed of/ made up of/ consisted of/ formed of
2）...的特点是：the characteristic of the Chinese name is that...
3）世代相传：from generation to generation
4）...不罕见：it is not uncommon now for a child to...
5）非常重视...：attach great importance to doing sth
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